数字微光器件作为新一代微光夜视装备的核心器件，相比于传统真空微光器件因具有数字化输出的优势而备受各国重视。本文综述了低照度CCD（charge-coupled devices）/CMOS（complementary metal oxide semiconductor）、科学级CMOS、像增强型CCD/CMOS、电子倍增CCD及电子轰击APS（active pixel sensor）/CCD等数字微光器件的研究现状，分析了数字微光器件的应用情况。最后，提出了微光技术和数字微光器件的发展趋势。

Multimode photonic quantum memory could enhance the information processing speed in a quantum repeater-based quantum network. A large obstacle that impedes the storage of the spatial multimode in a hot atomic ensemble is atomic diffusion, which severely disturbs the structure of the retrieved light field. In this paper, we demonstrate that the elegant Ince-Gaussian (eIG) mode possesses the ability to resist such diffusion. Our experimental results show that the overall structure of the eIG modes under different parameters maintains well after microseconds of storage. In contrast, the standard IG modes under the same circumstance are disrupted and become unrecognizable. Our findings could promote the construction of quantum networks based on room-temperature atoms.

With energy–time entangled biphoton sources as the optical carrier and time-correlated single-photon detection for high-speed radio frequency (RF) signal recovery, the method of quantum microwave photonics (QMWP) has presented the unprecedented potential of nonlocal RF signal encoding and efficient RF signal distilling from the dispersion interference associated with ultrashort pulse carriers. In this paper, its capability in microwave signal processing and prospective superiority are further demonstrated. Both QMWP RF phase shifting and transversal filtering functionality, which are the fundamental building blocks of microwave signal processing, are realized. Besides good immunity to the dispersion-induced frequency fading effect associated with the broadband carrier in classical MWP, a native two-dimensional parallel microwave signal processor is provided. These results well demonstrate the superiority of QMWP over classical MWP and open the door to new application fields of MWP involving encrypted processing.

针对微光夜视条件下增强型CMOS（ICMOS）图像信噪比低、随机噪声明显的问题，提出了一种基于双残差注意力网络的ICMOS图像去噪算法。为了制作ICMOS噪声图像数据集，采用ICMOS相机在特定照度环境下拍摄静态噪声图像序列，然后采用多帧平均的方法获得每个序列对应的无噪声真值图像；其次，为了直接从噪声图像中提取噪声分量，设计了一种结合噪声残差学习和残差网络模块的双残差网络模型，并引入通道注意力机制给模型的特征图维度赋予权重，在提升模型学习能力的同时降低了模型复杂度；最后，采用网络训练所得模型对测试图像进行去噪实验。对比实验结果表明，本文提出的算法得到的峰值信噪比较经典的BM3D算法提升了9.56 dB，结构相似度提升了0.050 3。从主观效果可以看出，本文算法可以更好地去除ICMOS图像噪声，保留图像细节，同时，具有较高的运行效率。

As the main branch of microwave photonics, radio-over-fiber technology provides high bandwidth, low-loss, and long-distance propagation capability, facilitating wide applications ranging from telecommunication to wireless networks. With ultrashort pulses as the optical carrier, a large capacity is further endowed. However, the wide bandwidth of ultrashort pulses results in the severe vulnerability of high-frequency radio frequency (RF) signals to fiber dispersion. With a time-energy entangled biphoton source as the optical carrier combined with the single-photon detection technique, a quantum microwave photonics method in radio-over-fiber systems is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The results show that it not only realizes unprecedented nonlocal RF signal modulation with strong resistance to the dispersion but also provides an alternative mechanism to distill the RF signal out from the dispersion effectively. Furthermore, the spurious-free dynamic ranges of the nonlocally modulated and distilled RF signals have been significantly improved. With the ultra-weak detection and the high-speed processing advantages endowed by the low-timing-jitter single-photon detection, the quantum microwave photonics method opens new possibilities in modern communication and networks.

单像素成像系统由于其独特的成像方式受到广泛关注，但其在噪声环境中的目标识别方法并未得到深入研究。针对该问题，文中分别采用桶探测器获取的信号值和重构出的二维图像作为训练样本进行深度学习，并以此识别噪声环境中的目标。通过对比两者识别结果，发现在采样率较低时，前者即使在较强噪声环境中也可以获得较高的识别率；而后者的识别率虽然一直比较稳定，但其预处理时间较高，因此前者更适用于快速成像中的目标识别。此外，对于仅利用桶探测器信号进行训练的方法，文中还研究了目标稀疏度对其识别精度的影响，发现当外界噪声和采样率一定时，稀疏度越高的目标，其识别精度也越高。文中为噪声环境中单像素成像的目标识别方法提供了选择依据。